![]() "The rare earth ores are very chemically stable minerals - you have to put a lot of energy and chemical intensity into them to break them down. "It's a very long and complicated supply chain to the pure metal," Noble said. The extraction process must therefore overcome the very strong attraction between the positive metal and the negative phosphate - no small task. The rare earth metals naturally have three positive charges and form incredibly strong ionic bonds with phosphate counterions, each possessing three negative charges. But rare earths are much more complicated to separate." "Others, like iron oxides, need an additive to make them release the metal. That's quite an easy extraction," Ziemkiewicz explained. You heat the ore up to the point where it drives off the sulfides as a gas and the pure copper drops out the bottom of your reaction vessel. For instance, copper and iron can also form ores. Ores can exist for all kinds of metals, not just rare earth elements. To obtain the pure metal, these bonds must be broken and the counterions must be removed - but the difficulty of this separation depends on the metal and the counterion in question. In nature, metals exist as compounds called ores, which contain metal particles linked to other nonmetal substances (called counterions) by strong ionic bonding. But finding these elusive enriched sites is only the first challenge. Occasionally, extremely acidic conditions underground can slightly increase the amount of rare earth elements present in certain areas. Consequently, traces of these elements are spread across the planet, making mining for these materials particularly inefficient. However, the unusual chemistry of the rare earth elements means that these metals don't generally collect together under these extraordinary conditions. Typically, metals concentrate within Earth's crust due to different geological processes, such as lava flow, hydrothermal activity and mountain formation. That's about what you'd get if you dug a hole in your backyard." There are around 300 milligrams per kilogram of rare earths across all shale in the United States. "The problem is, they're just not that concentrated in one place. "The 'troublesome earths' would have been a better name," Paul Ziemkiewicz, director of the West Virginia Water Research Institute, told Live Science. (Image credit: VISUAL CAPITALIST/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY via Getty Images)Īlthough the elements are fairly common, they're very difficult to extract from their natural sources. For more information, please visit, listen to The PETA Podcast, or follow the group on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, or Instagram.The locations and relative abundances of minable rare earth elements around the world. PETA-whose motto reads, in part, that “animals are not ours to eat” and which opposes speciesism, a human-supremacist worldview-offers a free vegan starter kit to help people get hooked on vegan food. Each location is just a stone’s throw from a Bonefish Grill restaurant, whose headquarters is in Tampa. Kennedy Boulevard at Church Avenue and in Brandon on Causeway Boulevard at Marsh Harbor Way and on Providence Road near Windingwood Avenue. PETA’s message appears on bus shelters in Tampa on S. Fish feel pain as acutely as mammals do, have long-term memories, and sing underwater-yet they’re impaled, crushed, suffocated, dropped into pots of boiling water, or cut open and gutted, all while conscious. The fishing industry is also terribly cruel to its intended victims: More fish are killed for food each year than all other animals combined. PETA notes that the fishing industry’s unintentional kills are one of the biggest threats to marine biodiversity worldwide and have resulted in widespread species extinction, habitat destruction, and irreversible damage to ocean ecosystems. ![]() “PETA urges conscientious consumers who care about animals to leave fish off their plates, for everyone’s sake.” “Dolphins, turtles, sea birds, sharks, whales, and other animals are simply viewed as collateral damage to fishing trawlers and even anglers,” says PETA President Ingrid Newkirk. Where: Outside Palma Ceia Presbyterian Church, 3501 W. The image points out that fish aren’t the only victims of the fishing industry, as millions of other animals, including whales, turtles, seals, and dolphins-euphemistically known as “bycatch”-also die on its hooks, in its nets, and in its abandoned and discarded gear every year. – As the fishing industry seeks to promote October as National Seafood Month, PETA supporters will hand out free Loving Hut vegan fish fillets just down the road from a new message that’s making waves by compelling commuters to consider the leviathan-sized hidden costs of their fish dinners.
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